01 - Preheat oven to 350°F. Generously grease a 9x13-inch baking dish with butter or nonstick spray.
02 - Scatter half of the cubed croissants evenly across the bottom of the prepared baking dish.
03 - In a medium bowl, beat the softened cream cheese and granulated sugar together until smooth and creamy. Add the eggs, whole milk, vanilla extract, and lemon zest, then mix until fully combined and no lumps remain.
04 - Place the blueberries in a small bowl and toss with the all-purpose flour to coat evenly. This prevents the berries from sinking during baking, especially important when using frozen blueberries.
05 - Sprinkle half of the flour-coated blueberries over the first layer of croissants. Pour half of the cream cheese custard mixture over the top. Layer the remaining croissant cubes and blueberries, then pour the remaining custard over everything. Press down gently to ensure the croissant cubes soak up the liquid.
06 - Allow the assembled casserole to rest at room temperature for 10 minutes so the croissants absorb the custard. Alternatively, cover tightly and refrigerate overnight for a make-ahead option.
07 - Bake on the center rack for 35 to 40 minutes, until the custard is set, the top is golden brown, and a knife inserted in the center comes out clean.
08 - Remove from the oven and let cool for 10 minutes. Dust generously with powdered sugar using a fine sieve. Serve warm with maple syrup or whipped cream on the side if desired.